UC Davis Announces First Foal Born by In Vitro Pregnancy

UC Davis Veterinary Medicine

UC Davis moved one step closer to providing total equine reproductive health care with the recent news that a 6-year-old Oldenburg mare has delivered a foal produced with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), a unique in-vitro fertilization process.

“This is the first all-UC Davis ICSI pregnancy and the result of a great team effort among veterinary scientists and clinicians,” said Dr. Stuart Meyers, a veterinary theriogenologist leading the research effort. “We obtained the eggs, matured them in vitro, performed ICSI fertilization, grew the embryos to blastocyst, and then transferred to a recipient mare.”

Unlike the normal process of in-vitro fertilization (which generally doesn’t work with horses), ICSI involves injecting a single sperm into an egg extracted from a mare. The embryo then develops in a lab for a week before being implanted in the mare. Previously, the UC Davis veterinary hospital’s Equine Reproduction Service had obtained a pregnancy by aspirating eggs from a client mare, shipping the eggs to Texas A&M University for ICSI, and bringing the embryo back to Davis for transfer and pregnancy. That foal was born in 2015.

The goal of UC Davis being a one-stop shop for the ICSI procedure is two-fold, Meyers said. The first is to keep California horse breeders in the state, which lowers the risk to mares and minimizes expense to the owners. Secondly, researchers can get an idea of the mechanism of embryonic loss to better predict success.

ICSI Pregnancy Diagnosis Exam

In horses, clinicians typically report significant embryonic death when trying to produce viable horse embryos. Only about 30 percent of follicles have eggs that are harvestable; only 50 percent of those will mature for sperm injection. Of those eggs injected with sperm, only about 20 to 30 percent survive as full-term foals – creating staggering economic and emotional loss to horse owners.

Meyers said the researchers at UC Davis are uniquely situated to monitor every cell division of the embryo and get a good idea of what is happening with each stage of embryo development.

“If we can document early development ‘in vitro,’ we can have a better idea of which embryos will succeed,” Meyers said. “Those advances in understanding the basic biology of embryonic development will also aid human reproductive health.”

Meyers is currently seeking industry partners to further this research and establish a new program for advanced equine reproduction to more fully understand the biology of horse embryos and pregnancies in general.

“We envision being able to provide total reproductive health care from embryo production to birth and beyond,” he said.