The effects of smoke on horses are similar to effects on humans: irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract, aggravation of conditions like heaves (recurrent airway obstruction), and reduced lung function. High concentrations of particulates can cause persistent cough, increased nasal discharge, wheezing and increased physical effort in breathing. Particulates can also alter the immune system and reduce the ability of the lungs to remove foreign materials, such as pollen and bacteria, to which horses are normally exposed.

When a hoof dries out too quickly, the protein molecules that make up the hoof structure partly go back into place. However, when they go back in place rapidly, there are gaps between the molecules weakening the hoof structure. This causes the hoof to crack and split under stress. When this wet/dry cycle is repeated over and over, it continues to weaken the integrity of the hoof.