Could Flatter Saddles Improve Welfare in Ridden Horses?
From Equine Science Update:
A new study has indicated that flatter-shaped saddles may be more suitable for horses that spend most of their ridden time in motion.
The research, which observed significant changes in the shape of horses’ backs while stationary and during movement, found that horse backs become considerably flatter during motion compared to when they are standing still.
Back pain is common among ridden horses and is frequently linked to poor saddle fit. A properly fitted saddle is crucial for distributing the rider’s weight evenly and reducing pressure on the horse’s back.
Saddles are typically fitted to horses while they are stationary and then checking the fit by observing the horse in motion.
The research team, made up of experts from the Royal Veterinary College and the University of Southampton, used an advanced camera array to measure the saddle region of five horses’ backs while standing, walking, and trotting. These measurements captured the differences in back curvature. To validate their observations, the researchers reconstructed a life-sized model of a horse using laser scans.
The findings are reported in the Journal of the Royal Society Interface.
The study confirmed that the shape of horses’ backs is not static. Instead, it changes significantly, with certain areas deforming by several centimetres.
Despite notable deformations in some regions, the saddle area remained relatively stable during movement, showing only minor changes of a few millimetres. This suggests that the deformable padding in saddle panels is likely sufficient to accommodate these small variations.
The study also found that, among regions relevant to saddle fit, the withers exhibited the most movement. The withers elevated and depressed more than four times as much as other areas that could interact with an English saddle.
These findings emphasise the importance of ensuring proper withers clearance, as outlined in current saddle fitting guidelines, due to the significant mobility observed in this area.
This research provides a foundation for further studies into whether similar back-shape changes occur at faster gaits such as canter and gallop, and how a rider’s weight affects these changes. The team aims to test whether saddles fitted to horses in motion can better distribute pressure.
Dr Jorn Cheney, Lecturer in Natural Sciences at the University of Southampton and lead researcher of this study, said: “I am reassured that a lot of key principles of saddlery held true. At least during walk and trot, saddles can be stiff, and they cover areas of the back that don’t move. Now the exciting question is, ‘do we improve upon the design by fitting to the moving animal?’ and if so what’s the best way of making that technique accessible?”
The study was funded by a grant from the Worshipful Company of Saddlers.
For more details, see:
Smirnova, K. P., Frill, M. A., Warner, S. E., & Cheney, J. A. (2024).
Shape change in the saddle region of the equine back during trot and walk.
Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 21(215).
